Truly productive people have a secret most of us miss:

Being more productive is usually about what you do less of, not more of.

Often, the best way to improve your productivity is to identify the habits that are interfering with your productivity and eliminate them. When you do, you’ll find that you’re far more productive than you realized.

Here are 4 tiny habits that absolutely kill your productivity:

Work to eliminate them and watch your natural productivity rise.

1. Working in marathons instead of sprints

One of the biggest productivity pitfalls I see people falling into is trying to work in marathons.

Let’s say you’ve got a deadline coming up for a big project. And you decide that Tuesday morning is the day you knock it out. You calculate that it’ll probably take about 6 hours of work, so you make a plan to get to work at 6:00 a.m. and clear your calendar for the day, figuring that there should be plenty of time to get it done.

The problem here is that you’ve created a marathon for yourself. And in the world of productivity, marathons are bad news.

A few things are likely to happen in such a situation:

• Give up. You get to work early, sit down at your desk, and instantly become overwhelmed by the sheer amount of stuff you need to do. After a couple of false starts, you simply give up.
• Procrastinate. Instead of giving up entirely, you procrastinate. You do some emails first, maybe return some calls, read a little bit of news, and then decide to dig in. But now you’re “behind schedule” and fear creeps in. So, to distract yourself from your anxiety, you procrastinate some more. Rinse and repeat a few times and you’ve procrastinated so much that you end up with a low-quality piece of work at the end of the day.
• Get lost. The final pattern people get into when they try and marathon their way through work is that they get lost down rabbit holes. Because they’re trying to work through a huge pile of work, it’s easy to lose focus on what’s a priority and what needs to get done in what order. This leads to too much time being spent on some things and too little on others. The result is either giving up or a low-quality result.

You can avoid all of these outcomes by learning to work in sprints instead of marathons.

A sprint is a time-limited burst of focused, high-energy work on a specific task.

For example, if you have six hours of work, you might divide that work up into three parts. Then design a series of 45-minute sprints to work through each part.

Working in sprints has the following benefits:

• Clarity. When you make a plan to work in sprints, it forces you to plan out your work in detail and create more specific sets of tasks. This means that when you do sit down to work, there’s less confusion and mental friction to get started. Also, you’re more likely to stay on task and prioritize well.
• Doableness. Working in sprints has the profound psychological benefit of improved doableness. Doableness is the perception that, while difficult, a piece of work is something you can achieve. While intense, sprints have a much higher doubleness factor than marathons, which means higher motivation, stamina, and energy while working.
• Positive Reinforcement. Another underrated benefit of working in sprints is that you give yourself more frequent opportunities for reward and positive reinforcement. If you can treat yourself to a cup of nice coffee or some highlights from ESPN after completing each sprint, you’re far more likely to keep your motivation and energy levels high. This is much easier than trying to delay gratification for six hours straight.
• Flexibility. Sprints have the final benefit of being flexible. If you begin a sprint and realize you’re stuck or overwhelmed, you can often substitute a different sprint and work on that instead. This often gives your brain time to process the difficulty on an implicit level, so that when you go back to the tricky sprint, you find you have more clarity about it (plus more confidence and motivation after completing the substitute sprint).

The next time you have a major project or piece of work to accomplish, ask yourself:

How could I work on this project in several sprints rather than trying to slog through it in a single marathon?

With a little planning upfront, you’ll find sprinting a far more effective and enjoyable way to work through your most challenging projects and tasks.

"The time that leads to mastery is dependent on the intensity of our focus."

— Robert Greene

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2. Coping with distractions instead of eliminating them

Everybody knows how destructive distractions can be for our productivity. From Facebook notifications and email reminders to co-worker drop-ins and incessant phone calls, distractions are seemingly constant in modern life.

We’re drowning in distractions and our productivity is paying the price.

But there’s an even bigger problem than the sheer number of distractors we all face: Our strategy for dealing with distractions is deeply flawed.

Most of us assume that we need to cope with and manage our distractions better:

• We need to finally learn about the notification setting so that our phone doesn’t ring at odd times and kill our concentration.
• We need to finally mention to our boss about our plan for fewer unscheduled meetings.
• We need to be more disciplined and work on improving our willpower to resist distractions.

But coping with distractions is itself the problem.

By adopting the coping mindset, we’re implicitly agreeing to and endorsing omnipresent distraction in our work life. And while you may successfully cope with the odd distraction here and there, it’s not enough.

You will never be truly productive if you allow yourself to be surrounded by distractions.

Nobody has enough willpower to constantly resist every distraction of modern life. Nobody has a boss accommodating enough to straighten out every distracting element of office life. No amount of tinkering with your phone’s notification setting will make it much less tempting a distraction.

The only way to genuinely free ourselves from distraction is to cut them off at the source.

Stop trying to cope with distractions and work like crazy to eliminate them.

Of course, some distractions are inevitable and uncontrollable, but that doesn’t mean we can’t take significant steps to eliminate many of them:

• Instead of fiddling with your phone’s notification settings, turn it off and put it in a drawer while you’re doing important work.
• If you keep getting interrupted by coworkers, resave the office conference room for yourself to work for a few hours.
• Delete all your browser shortcuts to “infotainment” websites, remove social media apps from your phone, get rid of the TV in your office or house.

If you want to drastically improve your productivity, get serious about drastically cutting out the distractions in your life. It’s that simple.

"To produce at your peak level you need to work for extended periods with full concentration on a single task free from distraction."

— Cal Newport

Photo: Tranmautritam/Pexels

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3. Using fear and criticism to motivate yourself

Many of us grow up believing that we need to be hard on ourselves to be successful. I call this the Drill Sergeant Theory of Motivation.

We assume that we need to be our own drill sergeant—constantly barking orders and making threats—or else we’ll end up slacking off, never getting anything done, and most likely, living in a van down by the river.

And one of the worst results of this belief is a habit of negative self-talk.

Self-talk is the way we talk to ourselves in our heads. And negative self-talk is when that way of talking has become distorted and unrealistically negative and harsh.

People with a habit of negative self-talk frequently say things to themselves like:

• You’re such an idiot! Why can’t you just remember these simple things?!
• I wish I wasn’t such a procrastinator. If I just had more discipline, I’m sure I’d get that promotion.
• I’ll never figure this out. And then everyone’s gonna realize I don’t know what I’m doing and that I don’t belong here… I’m such a fraud.

We get in the habit of saying awful, hurtful, and irrational things like this to ourselves because of this core belief so many of us are raised with: I must be hard on myself to be successful.

Well, let me share a little secret with you:

People are successful despite their negative self-talk, not because of it.

In years of working with high-achievers and very successful people in my work as a therapist, I have never once seen someone’s levels of achievement and productivity decrease after easing up on themselves.

Of course, they’re all terrified to try it at first. They’re mortified that they’ll “lose their edge” the minute they stop trying to motivate themselves with brutal self-talk.

But guess what…? It never happens.

If anything, people usually end up even more productive when they stop beating themselves up internally. And the reason should be obvious: All that energy being poured into “motivating” yourself with negative self-talk can now be diverted to doing new and better work.

Plus, your mood improves quite a bit when you cut out a habit of negative self-talk. And an improved mood and energy levels not only make us feel happier but usually lead to more productivity as well.

So try a little experiment: Ease up on yourself just a little and see what happens. If you do start turning into a slacker and deadbeat without your negative self-talk, you can always go back to it.

But I think you’ll find quite the opposite: You’ll be more productive with less stress and a better mood.

"Self-acceptance is my refusal to be in an adversarial relationship with myself."

— Nathaniel Branden

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4. Doing other people’s work instead of your own

At the end of the day, you can implement all the best productivity hacks and strategies flawlessly, but you’re still going to struggle to be productive if you’re working on things that don’t matter to you.

There’s a limit to how much motivation we feel when we’re externally motivated:

• Fear of getting fired or looking bad in front of co-workers can motivate you for a while.
• The promise of a raise and a new title might help you work hard for a time.
• The sheer novelty of a new project might carry your productivity forward for a little bit.

But ultimately, it’s essential to acknowledge that…

Only intrinsic motivation can make us truly productive in the long run.

It’s only when we’re working on things that truly matter to us in a deep way that we can be fully engaged and working at close to our potential over the long-term.

This should be sobering.

The implication is that no amount of technique or strategy will get you past a certain threshold of productivity. No amount of willpower, discipline, or positive affirmations is going to get you to peak performance.

In a sense, no amount of internal change will help you produce at the highest level.

If you want to be truly productive, you must make the hard choices required to do the work that matters.

Often this means big, uncomfortable decisions:

• You might need to confront your boss about a completely different role or position at your company.
• You might need to leave your job entirely, or even work for yourself.
• And if you already work for yourself, you might need to make some hard decisions about your work environment, whom you collaborate with, or when you work.

Look, you’re not obligated to strive for peak productivity. Many people probably shouldn’t. There’s a lot to be said for trading some productivity for things like less stress, more free time, etc.

If you are striving to achieve your potential with your work, you won’t get there doing other people’s work.

You must find the courage to do the work that matters to you. Only then, will you be harnessing your true potential and working at or near your full capacity.

"Once you give yourself permission to stop trying to do it all, to stop saying yes to everyone, you can make your highest contribution towards the things that matter."

— Greg McKeown, Essentialism

Photo: Pavel Danilyuk/Pexels

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Nick Wignall is a psychologist and writer sharing practical advice for emotional health and well-being. He is the founder of The Friendly Minds newsletter.

This article was originally published at Nick Wignall. Reprinted with permission from the author.